Studien zur Wirksamkeit der ACP-Eigenbluttherapie

Sundman E, et al: Growth Factor and Catabolic Cytokine Concentrations Are Influenced by the Cellular Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 39 (10): 2 135 – 2 140 Pubmed

In-vitro study quantifying various growth factor concentrations of ACP and a competitor product. This study also demonstrates the decrease of leukocytes in ACP and the subsequently low concentration of catabolic growth factors.

Kisiday J et al: Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Composition on Anabolic and Catabolic Activities in Equine Cartilage and Meniscal Explants. Cartilage. 2012; 3: 245 – 254 Pubmed

In-vitro study to assess the effects of different PRP preparations (single-spin and double-spin ACP) demonstrating that single-spin PRP preparations, including Arthrex ACP, are more advantageous to stimulate regenerative processes in cartilage and meniscal explants.

Mazzocca A et al: Platelet-rich plasma differs according to preparation method and human variability. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2012; 94 (4): 308 – 316 Pubmed

In-vitro study comparing the composition and growth factor concentration of a double-spin and 2 single-spin protocols of PRP preparations, including Artrex ACP. This study shows that plasma preparations of ACP increase the platelet concentrations ~2.5 × and decrease the concentration of white blood cells by ~9 ×, which is comparable to an established double-spin protocol.

Mazzocca A et al: The positive effects of different platelet-rich plasma methods on human muscle, bone, and tendon cells. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 40 (8): 1 742 – 1 749 Pubmed

In-vitro study comparing the proliferation capacity of cells treated with PRP preparations from a double-spin and two 2 single-spin protocols, including Arthrex ACP. It is shown that ACP PRP preparations induced the highest proliferation rates throughout PRP preparations, even if others had higher platelet concentrations.

Smith PA: Intra-articular Autologous Conditioned Plasma Injections Provide Safe and Efficacious Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016; 44 (4): 884 – 891 Pubmed

Randomized clincial safety study of 30 OA patients that failed nonoperative OA treatment for at least 6 weeks, showing that over the course of 12 months, patients treated with ACP had a significantly better WOMAC scoring compared to those treated with a placebo.

Cerza F et al: Comparison between hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma, intra-articular infiltration in the treatment of gonarthrosis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 40 (12): 2 822 – 2 827 Pubmed

Randomized clinical study to compare the treatment of 4 subsequent intra-articular incjections of ACP or hyaluronic acid (HA) on 120 Kellgren-Lawrence grade I – III OA patients. Over the course of 6 months, the WOMAC score of ACP-treated patients improved significantly comparted to HA treatment, independent of the OA severity.

Cole BJ et al: Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017; 45 (2): 339 – 346 Pubmed

Randomized Level I clinical study on 111 symptomatic unilateral knee OA patients comparing intra-articular HA injections against leukocyte-poor PRP injections, showing a significant benefit for patients with PRP treatment in IKDC and VAS pain score in a 1-year follow-up.

Ford RD et al: A retrospective comparison of the management of recalcitrant lateral elbow tendinosis: platelet-rich plasma injections versus surgery. Hand (N Y). 2015; 10 (2): 285 – 291 Pubmed

Retrospective chart review of patients suffering from lateral elbow tendinosis receiving either surgery or PRP treatment, demonstrating that PRP treatment gave similar results in regards to pain and symptom relief, as well as regaining range of motion.

Lebiedzinski R et al: A randomized study of autologous conditioned plasma and steroid injections in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. International Orthopaedics. 2015; 39 (11): 2 199 – 2 203 Pubmed

Prospective randomized study comparing the treatment of lateral epicondyle tendinopathies with ACP or betamethasone showing a favorable DASH score after 1 year of patients treated with ACP.

Chew KT et al: Comparison of autologous conditioned plasma injection, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and conventional treatment for plantar fasciitis: a randomized trial. PM&R. 2013; 5 (12): 1 035 – 1 043 Pubmed

Randomized trial clincial study showing the effectiveness of ACP in treating plantar fasciitis in 59 patients, comparing conventional treatment alone, treatment accompanied with PRP (ACP), or accompanied with extracorporal shockwave therapy as measured in pain reduction (VAS score) or AOFAS. A significant improvement in VAS and AOFAS scores compared to both other treatments was observed.

Zayni R et al: Platelet-rich plasma as a treatment for chronic patellar tendinopathy: comparison of a single versus two consecutive injections. Muscles Ligaments Tendons Journal. 2015; 5 (2): 92 – 98 Pubmed

Prospective clinical study showing the benefit of multiple PRP injections compared to single injections as shown on patellar tendinopathy.

Borzini P, Mazzucco L: Tissue Regeneration and in Loco Administration of Platelet Derivates: Clinical Outcomes, Heterogeneous Products, and Heterogeneity of Effector Mechanisms. Transfusion. 2005; 45: 1 759 – 1 767. Pubmed

Literature review article discussing the complexity of comparing publication articles on PRP-induced tissue regeneration, due to the many variabilities in PRP preparation, application techniques, and other heterogenities.

Edwards D et al: Transforming Growth Factor Beta Modulates the Expression of Collagenase and Metalloproteinase Inhibitor. The EMBO Journal. 1987; 6 (7): 1 899 – 1 904. Pubmed

In-vitro study, showing that the expression of genes, whose products act towards cartilage healing, are positively influenced by transforming growth factor β.

Lynch S et al: Role of Platelet-derived Growth Factor in Wound Healing: Synergistic Effects with other Growth Factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1987; 84: 7 696 – 7 700. Pubmed

In-vitro study demonstrating that healing processes are not controlled by a single growth factor but are a result of the presence of multiple growth factors.

Graziani F et al: The In Vitro Effect of Different PRP Concentrations on Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006; 17 (2): 212 – 219. Pubmed

In-vitro study examining the growth effect of different platelet concentrations in PRP on different cell types, suggesting an optimal platelet concentration of 2.5 ×.

Cho J et al: Platelet-rich plasma induces increased expression of G1 cell cycle regulators, type 1 collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2011; 29 (1): 32 – 36 Pubmed

In-vitro study demonstrating increased proliferation and migration of fibroblasts as well as the enhanced expression of collagen-production-related and cell-cycle-regulatory genes in the presence of PRP.

Andia I et al: Basic Science: Molecular and Biological Aspects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapies. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2012; 22 (1): 3 – 9 ScienceDirect

Review article discussing the influence of a vast set of growth factors on on the healing and inflammation processes. The authors also discuss the importance of GF concentrations in PRP treatments, suggesting the benefit of slow and physiological increase of GF concentrations.